What to know before adopting a rat

Unfortunately, rats have a notoriously bad reputation for being household pests or vermin – but were here to change that. Domestic rats can make great companions. Domestic rats are intelligent, clean, unique and friendly animals that can make awesome pets.  

Just like getting a cat or a dog, adopting a rat is a big responsibility and requires quite a bit of research and consideration. While rats generally have much smaller lifespans than other household pets – 2 to 3 years – there is still a lot to think about before making the choice to adopt one as a companion. 

So, before you embark on the journey of rat ownership, it's crucial to consider several factors to ensure both you and your future fur baby will have a happy and healthy life together. 

Research the species 

Before diving into rat parenthood, take the time to learn about different rat species and their characteristics. Domestic rats (Rattus norvegicus) are the most common as pets, known for their social nature and adaptability. 

Social nature 

Rats are highly social animals that thrive on companionship. It's recommended to adopt at least two rats of the same gender to prevent loneliness and ensure they have a companion for grooming, play, and cuddling. 

Space and cage requirements 

Rats need plenty of space to explore and exercise. Invest in a spacious cage with horizontal bars for climbing. Make sure it is well-ventilated, easy to clean, and has multiple levels for stimulation to encourage their natural behaviours. 

Nutritional needs 

A balanced diet is crucial for your rat's well-being. Commercial rat food mixes are available, but supplement their diet with fresh fruits, vegetables, and high-quality protein sources. Always ensure access to fresh water. 

Health considerations 

Regular veterinary check-ups are essential for your rat's health. Find a vet experienced in small animal care and be aware of common health issues such as respiratory problems, tumours, and dental concerns. 

Enrichment and mental stimulation 

Rats are intelligent creatures that need mental stimulation to stay happy. Provide toys, tunnels, and climbing structures in their cage. Spend time interacting with them daily to build trust and keep them entertained. 

Lifespan 

Rats have a relatively short lifespan of around 2 to 3 years. Consider the commitment required for their care, including potential medical expenses and emotional attachment. 

Allergies 

Ensure that neither you nor your family members have allergies to rats before bringing them into your home. Some people may be allergic to their fur, urine, or dander. 

Nocturnal habits 

Rats are nocturnal animals, meaning they are most active during the night. Consider if this aligns with your lifestyle and if you can accommodate their need for play and attention during your waking hours. 

Rat proofing 

Rats are curious and agile, so it's essential to rat-proof your living space. Check for potential hazards, secure electrical wires, and remove any toxic plants or substances that could harm them. 

Potential costs 

Rats are typically inexpensive to adopt from the RSPCA or other rescue organisations. However, if they run into health complications, trips to the vet can be quite expensive. Be prepared for unexpected costs, especially as your rats’ age. 

Adopting a pet rat can be a rewarding experience for those willing to invest time, effort, and love into their care. By considering these factors and how they will fit into your preferences and lifestyle, you can create a harmonious environment for both you and your new furry companions.  

Remember, a happy rat is a healthy rat, and the bond you build with your pocket pets will undoubtedly bring joy and fulfilment to your life.